Conventional activated sludge process with prolonged aeration for enhanced biological treatment
Modified activated sludge process that operates in batches, combining aeration and settling in a single tank
Attached growth biological process using carrier media in aeration tanks for efficient treatment

Modified activated sludge process that operates in batches, combining aeration and settling in a single tank
|
Parameter |
Value |
Unit |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cycle time |
4-6 |
hrs |
total cycle |
|
MLSS |
2500-4000 |
mg/L |
typical range |
|
F/M ratio |
0.05-0.15 |
kg BOD/kg MLSS/d |
CPHEEO |
The plant shall run for 24 hours and shall be operated in 3 shifts.
Chemicals required are considered for Laboratory and Tertiary treatment operations only. Chemical / EM culture requirement for any biological reactor or process-specific need is to be considered separately. F/M ratio to be considered while considering the EM culture.
Analysis has been done for different capacities on the STP based on MBBR, EA and SBR technology. The capacities considered are 1, 2, 5 and 10 MLD.
The leave factor considered is 1.33.
Different categories of human resource considered along with the wages are:
|
Designation |
Monthly Wages |
|---|---|
|
Junior Engineer / Plant Manager |
₹ 45,000.00 |
|
Plant Supervisor |
₹ 30,000.00 |
|
Operator |
₹ 25,000.00 |
|
Electrician |
₹ 15,000.00 |
|
Fitter-cum-plumber |
₹ 15,000.00 |
|
Chemist |
₹ 21,000.00 |
|
Lab Assistant |
₹ 18,000.00 |
|
Helpers |
₹ 15,000.00 |
|
Gardener |
₹ 10,000.00 |
|
Security Guards |
₹ 12,000.00 |
|
Driver |
₹ 15,000.00 |
|
Office Assistant |
₹ 18,000.00 |
Note: The human resource can be altered depending on the requirement. The above is the list shown for different categories.
The rates considered for chemicals are as follows:
|
Chemicals |
Unit |
Rates (Rs/kg) |
|---|---|---|
|
Chlorine |
Kg |
25 |
|
Alum |
Kg |
10 |
|
Polyelectrolyte |
Kg |
250 |
|
NaOCl |
Litres |
30 |
|
Citric Acid |
Kg |
75 |
|
NaHCO₃ |
Kg |
30 |
|
Sludge dewatering polymer |
Kg |
200 |
The cost per unit of electricity is considered as INR 10/-. This can vary state-wise.
Regular periodic maintenance is calculated based on industry practices and assumptions. The same can be altered depending on the designs.
India's urban sanitation landscape is undergoing a major transformation under the Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 (SBM 2.0), a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Government of India. A key focus area of SBM 2.0 is Used Water Management (UWM)—a critical component for ensuring safe sanitation for all and achieving the targets outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6).
With rapid urbanization and rising volumes of used water generated from domestic sources across thousands of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), there is an urgent need to plan and implement collection and conveyance mechanism along with treatment infrastructure that is appropriate, scalable, and sustainable. However, sewer system planning to convey the used water and selecting the right technology, developing context-specific designs, and estimating project costs continue to pose significant challenges for ULBs and practitioners involved in sanitation planning.
To address this gap and support more effective planning and implementation of UWM systems, MoHUA, in collaboration with the WASH Institute, has developed a dedicated web-based portal. This portal serves as a technical decision-support tool to accelerate used water management interventions across the country. It features a curated menu of widely used collection and conveyance systems and treatment technologies, along with associated standard designs, technical drawings, and quantity estimates (BoQs). Users can select technologies based on their specific needs, download comprehensive design packages, and apply local rate schedules to estimate project costs.
In addition to used water management systems, the portal also features a dedicated catalogue of architect-designed public and community toilet models developed for diverse urban contexts. These standardised designs are implementation-ready and include complete architectural drawings, layout plans, technical details, and Bill of Quantities (BoQs) to support faster project planning and execution by ULBs. Developed as adaptable "plug-and-play" reference models, the designs can be customised to suit varying site conditions, land availability, user footfall, and local requirements while maintaining functionality, inclusiveness, and ease of maintenance.
The designs, drawings, and estimates available on the portal have been developed by experienced sector professionals in accordance with CPHEEO guidelines and established best practices. For electro-mechanical treatment systems, the designs were further reviewed and vetted by leading industry experts to ensure alignment with current standards. All technologies included on the portal have been assessed for practical applicability and are already in use across various ULBs throughout India.
By providing easy access to standardized and reliable resources, the portal aims to streamline technology selection, support the planning and implementation of public sanitation infrastructure, reduce duplication of effort, and accelerate the delivery of UWM systems and context-responsive public and community toilet infrastructure across the country.
Importantly, the portal is not intended to be a static repository. It is designed as a dynamic and evolving platform that can grow through contributions from practitioners and institutions. Future updates will include the integration of state-specific rate data, enabling users to generate real-time cost estimates.
There are 5 stages for local governments to follow while planning and implementing used water management projects.
Prerequisite: If CSAP approved, to identify projects
Output: Comprehensive plan with list of projects to manage 100% used water
Prerequisite: If projects identified, to prepare DPR
Output: Detailed project reports for each UWM project, as per CPHEEO norms
Prerequisite: If DPR approved, to prepare bid documents
Output: Bidding documents and specifications needed to hire contractors
Prerequisite: If contractor hired, to monitor the construction
Output: Checklist to ensure implementation as per applicable IS standards
Prerequisite: If construction in last phase, to initiate O&M
Output: SOPs for monitoring the infrastructure in the O&M stage
This portal supports Stage 3
by providing standardized technical drawings and cost estimates to streamline the tendering process.
This portal is designed to support Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), architects, consultants, and implementing agencies with standardised architectural drawings, layout plans, and indicative Bill of Quantities (BoQs) for public and community toilet infrastructure.
Users are expected to:
Review all drawings, layouts, dimensions, structural details, and estimates before implementation.
Adapt the designs to local site conditions, land availability, soil conditions, utility connections, user requirements, accessibility needs, and applicable state or local regulations.
Use locally applicable Schedule of Rates (SoR), construction specifications, and engineering practices while preparing project estimates and tender documents.
Obtain all necessary technical approvals, structural validations, and statutory clearances prior to execution.
The designs, drawings, specifications, and Bills of Quantities (BoQs) available on this portal are intended as reference and planning tools only. While due care has been taken in preparing these resources, MoHUA, WASH Institute, architects, technical partners, and contributors to the portal shall not be held responsible for site-specific implementation outcomes, construction quality, structural performance, cost variations, or operational issues arising from the use of these materials.
These drawings and BoQs should not be treated as final construction drawings without appropriate site verification, engineering review, and contextual modifications by qualified professionals.
It is the responsibility of the user and implementing agency to ensure compliance with applicable national, state, and local regulations, including accessibility standards, fire and electrical safety norms, environmental requirements, and other relevant statutory provisions before construction and operation.